Its trust-based pension, which will have different sections for different segments of the workforce, will include a bespoke default fund, as well as other new investment options to ensure an appropriate range is available to members.

Inventor(s): James F. Corum (Morgantown, WV), Kenneth L. Corum (Plymouth, NH) Assignee(s): CPG TECHNOLOGIES, LLC (Italy, TX) Law Firm: Thomas | Horstemeyer, LLP (no location found) Application No., Date, Speed: 16017516 on 06/25/2018 (169 days app to issue)

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The MGT substrate with high reproducibility, sensitivity, and selectivity was then developed as an immunoassay SERS probe (MGT-Abs-CuPc) through the immobilization of the PD-L1 Abs and CuPc for PD-L1 analysis on TNBC surfaces (Fig. 5A). As shown in fig. S5A, upon the introduction of CuPc molecules to MGT, the UV-vis spectrum exhibits two peaks at 620 and 690 nm, which correspond to the adsorption of CuPc. After the immobilization of Abs to MGT, we observed an additional peak at ~260 nm, which should be attributed to adsorption of Abs. All these three additional peaks show the successful fabrication of the MGT-Abs-CuPc nanoprobe. To further confirm Abs conjugation to the nanostructures, we performed SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) imaging of MGT, Abs, and Abs-modified MGT (MGT-Abs). SDS-PAGE is a powerful analytical technique for protein identification in complex biological samples and has been widely used in biological studies for decades. As shown in fig. S5B, MGT-Abs [fig. S5B (III)] was higher than both MGT [fig. S5B (I)] and Abs [fig. S5B (II)], indicating the different molecular weights: MGT-Abs > MGT > Abs. SDS-PAGE imaging in fig. S5B (I to III) definitively showed the successful conjugation between the nanostructure and Abs. In addition, we also carried out FTIR spectroscopy (fig. S5C) to investigate the conjugation. Compared to MGT, MGT-Abs showed an additional infrared band assigned to the C–N stretching vibration at 1400 cm−1 and the C=O stretching vibration at 1620 cm−1. These two additional peaks were attributed to the formation of an amide bond at the interface between MGT and Abs. Both SDS-PAGE images and FTIR results revealed that Abs has been successfully conjugated to the nanostructures. We carried out confocal imaging to verify the recognition ability of MGT-Abs to the PD-L1 protein. We conducted three parallel experiments, which are shown in fig. S5 (D to G). No fluorescence signal was obtained after the coincubation of MGT and Cy5-labeled PD-L1. Moreover, before incubating with Cy5-labeled PD-L1, MGT-Abs also showed weak fluorescence. However, after the incubation with Cy5-labeled PD-L1, confocal images exhibited a bright fluorescence signal, indicating the high affinity and recognition ability of MGT-Abs to the PD-L1 protein. We incubated the developed probe with high SERS activity with TNBCs to quantify the PD-L1 expression on the surface of different TNBCs (Fig. 5A) using Raman spectroscopy. Temperature and incubation time are two important factors that determine the overall SERS signals. As shown in fig. S5 (H and I), the maximum SERS response was achieved at 37°C and 60 min. The amount of CuPc and Abs immobilized on MGT was another important experimental parameter. As the concentration of CuPc and Abs progressively increased, we observed the Raman peak at 1530 cm−1 to first increase and then decrease after the concentration reached 10 mM for CuPc and 100 μM for Abs, indicating that the optimal concentration of CuPc is 10 mM, while that of Abs is 100 μM (fig. S5, J and K). Moreover, we examined the cytotoxicity of the MGT-Abs-CuPc probe with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. As a result, the variability of HCC38, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells remained approximately 98% (15 μM, 120 min; fig. S6), indicating the low cytotoxicity of the probe. After optimizing experimental conditions and assessing biocompatibility, we conducted three parallel experiments to evaluate the PD-L1 expression levels on three different types of TNBC (HCC38, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231) surfaces. HCC38 cells were first used as model cells. As shown in Fig. 5B, Raman intensity increased with an increasing number of cells captured on the silicon foil. The intensity of the Raman peak at 1530 cm−1 was used to reflect the amount of the MGT-Abs-CuPc probe attached to the cell surface. The intensity of the Raman peak (I) was proportional to the logarithmic value of captured cancer cells (N) in the range from 5 × 102 to 5 × 105 cells (R = 0.990, n = 7; Fig. 5C), which was consistent with the kinetics mechanism of the antigen-Abs reaction in the Abs excess zone (fig. S7A). The linear regression is shown in Eq. 1

We know that the I-quartet channels are spontaneously inserted into lipid bilayers (12, 14). Among the various methods that can be used to analyze the interactions between the I-quartets and an SLB, the QCM-D technique (25–27) allows detection of mass changes at the sensor surface based on the reciprocal piezoelectric effect (28). As previously observed, the formation of the SLB from small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) follows a two-step mechanism: (i) fast adsorption of the SUVs to the QCM-D silica crystal with increased mass (that is, decreased ΔF, frequency) and increased layer flexibility (that is, increased ΔD, dissipation coefficient), because floppy SUVs were deposited on the QCM-D sensor, and (ii) rupture and fusion of SUVs into SLBs (ΔF minimum and ΔD maximum) (Fig. 2) (25). A final buffer wash was included to allow complete annealing of the SLB (29, 30). In particular, for the case of a molar composition of 4:1 = phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylserine (PS) and HC8, a ΔF of −25.3 Hz was observed (Fig. 2B), corresponding to a total mass of 352 ng (that is, mL = 217 ng, mHC8 = 54 ng, mW,hydration layer = 79 ng, and mW,channel = 1.8 ng), which demonstrated the formation of a stable SLB on the QCM-D surface (the calculations were based on the total insertion of HC8 into the vesicles). The formation of an SLB, with or without HC8, was also tested for 4:1 = PC/PS + 20% w/w cholesterol (Chl) and PC (fig. S2). Whereas the addition of Chl did not affect the formation of an SLB, the PC-alone SUVs failed to form an SLB. In addition, on the basis of the ΔF values, the addition of HC8 caused a decrease of the bilayer thickness from 4.61 nm (that is, 4:1 = PC/PS alone) to 4.48 nm (4:1 = PC/PS with HC8) (see paragraph 2.4.1 in note S1 of the Supplementary Materials). This measure demonstrated the formation of a more compact structure and the partial contraction of the SLB when HC8 was incorporated. A more compact structure compared with the pure SLB is most likely the result of global SLB stabilization via supplementary phospholipid headgroup/imidazole electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic contact between the lipid and alkyl tails toward the bilayer aggregation. Together, these results demonstrate the incorporation of I-quartet channels into a supported 4:1 = PC/PS SLB that was selected for SFG experiments presented below. About 0.7% of the total mass of the SLBs comprises water wires in the system (see note S1 and figs. S2 to S5 for detailed calculations).

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”If New Zealand got too expensive we would see a decline in visitor numbers and a demand drop off. You would assume that pricing has not reached a point of no return yet but it is something we are very mindful of,” England-Hall said.

Entrepreneurs as diverse as “Tom and Tom” (First and Scott, who met at Brown), Founders of Nantucket Nectars to John Koudounis, the CEO of Calamos Investment to Marques Coleman at Carlyle Group all identify Hazeltine as being a driving force in their business careers.  

Perkin also visited New York in 1906. Fifty years after his mauve discovery, hundreds of chemists celebrated the “magician of coal tar” at a dinner at Delmonico’s, the country’s most famous restaurant. The Americans all wore mauve bow ties in his honor.

Inventor(s): Joshua Lund (Dallas, TX) Assignee(s): Sensors Unlimited, Inc. (Princeton, NJ) Law Firm: Locke Lord LLP (Local + 12 other metros) Application No., Date, Speed: 15426521 on 02/07/2017 (672 days app to issue)

• More trained local and central government staff are needed to assist with translating and applying scientific research and new technology, while citizen science should play a much stronger role in monitoring and surveillance for pests in New Zealand.