The Auckland Botanic Gardens is off-limits for the same reason as the rose gardens – too much phosphorus from the ashes is harmful to the plants. There are also spiritual concerns for council gardeners asked to work the soil knowing it contains human ashes. "For some cultures it’s still human remains and they feel very uncomfortable.

"New Zealanders are very motivated when it comes to their natural environment and could probably play a much greater monitoring and surveillance role.

Mud will require everything in your toolkit, because dirt contains a mix of everything. First, dry out the mud completely and brush off as much as you can. Then hit it with a surfactant and some cold water. After that, if the fabric can take vinegar, apply some of the acid to eat away at other parts of the mud. Anything left will succumb to enzymes. We also recommend using psychology: Make whoever is responsible for the mud stains do all this; it’s a superb way to stop those stains before they start.

Analysis of crystal structures of HC8 and R-HC8 or S-HC8 further reveals unexpected –C-H—N motifs (dN—HC of 2.7 to 2.8 Å) between two orthogonally disposed imidazole moieties, resulting in the formation of imidazole dimers (Fig. 1D) reminiscent of the structures observed for the His37-quartet proton gate of the Influenza A M2 protein (19, 20). The oxygen atom of each water molecule is simultaneously strongly H-bonded to both imidazole NH groups (dO—H of 1.9 Å) and the vicinal water molecules (dO—H of 1.8 Å) (Fig. 1E). The symmetrical relative disposition of the imidazole dimers was previously observed for other compounds (12, 21) and regulates the water molecules to be statistically restricted to two orientations of opposite chiralities in such a way that the water wires within the same channel present a unique dipolar orientation. Here, on the other hand, the relative asymmetric structures of the imidazole dimers in the self-assembled HC8 and R-HC8 or S-HC8 compounds determine a unique dipolar orientation of the water molecules comprising a crystallographic 100% occupancy of both water H atoms bonded to N-imidazoles and neighboring water molecules (Fig. 1E). Each individual I-quartet channel is supramolecularly chiral and contains dipolar water wires oriented in one direction. The overall structure of achiral compound HC8 is centrosymmetric, so that the water wires of the opposite water dipolar orientations are present in successive enantiomeric water-filled channels, separated by water-free I-quartets (Fig. 1F). In contrast, the noncentrosymmetric structures of chiral compounds R-HC8 and S-HC8 show a unique dipolar orientation for all water-filled I-quartet channels (Fig. 1G).

But coal tar colors were far from perfect. Workers in coal tar color factories developed bladder cancer. In the late 19th century, vibrant colors hid food imperfections, and food manufacturers used toxic ingredients to synthesize coloring agents. Harvey W. Wiley, chief chemist at the Department of Agriculture, fretted that too much butter dye caused kidney damage.

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“Since its invention in the late 1890s, aspirin remains only one crystal form until 2005. Thereafter, the second polymorph (aspirin II), similar in structure to the form I, was reported,” Dr. Hu said.

Reynolds’ books use sports as the framework, but are deeper examinations of poverty, race, and addiction.

“In the nearly 40 years since lead acetate was initially approved as a color additive, our understanding of the hazards of lead exposure has evolved significantly,” FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, says in a statement. “We now know that the approved use of lead acetate in adult hair dyes no longer meets our safety standard.”

Yale researchers Jared Rovny, left, Robert Blum, center, and Sean Barrett, right, made the discovery. Credit: Yale University "We decided to try searching for the DTC signature ourselves," said Yale physics professor Sean Barrett, principal investigator for the two new studies. "My student Jared Rovny had grown monoammonium phosphate (MAP) crystals for a completely different experiment, so we happened to have one in our lab."

[H02P] CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS [4]

Even with results positive overall, availability of raw materials has been a source of tension. Every year typically has supply chain challenges, but the bumps in the road for 2018 have seemed more extreme.