To further confirm the TDR results, we investigated the electronic structure of MGT using density functional theory (DFT) calculation by examining a new electronic state, which was constructed in the interface. As illustrated in fig. S4F, we calculated both CuPc and MGT as a system to obtain the CT process, instead of isolated molecules. We investigated the coupling of CuPc and MGT as well as the consequent CT at equilibrium using DFT calculations. The DFT results (Fig. 4I) showed that much more obvious electron transfer occurred from MGT to CuPc than from MG to CuPc, which gave theoretical evidence for the efficient CT between MGT and CuPc molecules. Moreover, to further elucidate the CT process, we determined the Fermi level, the conductive band (CB) and valence band (VB) of MGT, and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of different organic molecules using DFT calculation, which are shown in Fig. 4J. The Fermi level of GO was −4.6 eV from the vacuum level, while the HOMO and the LUMO levels of organic molecules were −7.9 and −3.4 eV for CC, −6.8 and −4.7 eV for PTCDA, −6.0 and −4.1 eV for CV, and −5.2 and −3.07 eV for CuPc, respectively. In general, Raman enhancement effect is derived from a robust CT between the substrate and the molecules (6). In the CuPc-MG system, the energy barrier from the Fermi level of GO to LUMO of CuPc is 1.53 eV. With the introduction of TiO2 to the MG system, charge redistribution occurs around the interface between TiO2 and molecules, which leads to the alignment of the energy levels between TiO2 and GO. In this case, the narrow energy barrier is 0.9 eV from the Fermi level of GO to CB of TiO2 and 0.83 eV from CB of TiO2 to LUMO of CuPc, respectively, which are much smaller than that in the MG system. Thus, compared with the CuPc-MG system, CT occurs much easier, and more obvious CT selective enhancement was observed in the SERS spectra of the MGT-CuPc system. Different from CuPc, the LUMO levels of CV (−4.10 eV) and PTCDA (−4.70 eV) were lower than CB of TiO2 (−3.70 eV; Fig. 4J), which results in a rare contribution to CT between the molecules and MGT with the introduction of TiO2, preventing a further enhancement of Raman intensity. The results of theoretical calculation also showed that there was an efficient CT between the molecules and the substrate, leading to SERS enhancement with a high EF value, which agrees well with that proposed by TDR measurement above.

Many of the necessary petroleum products have risen in price by as much as 35 percent. At the same time, a glut of plastics factories worldwide has prevented producers from raising prices, hurting profit margins.

The pigment’s vogue was short-lived, however. At the middle of the nineteenth century, Laughton Osborn advised, in his “Handbook of Young Artists and Amateurs in Oil Painting,” “There is nothing to be gained by smearing our canvas with a part perhaps of the wife of Potiphar.” When the painter of historical scenes Lawrence Alma Tadema told the Pre-Raphaelite painter Edward Burne-Jones that he was going to see pieces of mummy before they were turned into pigment, Burne-Jones, according to his wife, Georgina, snorted that the name of the pigment was just a childish fancy. On being assured that the mummy was real enough, Burne-Jones insisted on giving his own tubes of paint a burial in the garden. In fact, as Alison Cariens, the conservation coördinator for the Straus Center, explained, scientists have found no DNA in the Forbes’s samples of Mummy to suggest that it contained human bones, but the biological material may have degraded beyond reliable analysis over the millennia. In any case, she added, humans were often accompanied by mummified animals on their journey to the afterworld, so that a tube of Mummy Brown might well contain the remains of crocodiles or cats.

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Since its inception in 2009, Springboard Kitchens has helped approximately 227 students gain the skills that they need in order to become successful culinarians out in the workforce. Currently there are 20 students enrolled.

This would trigger a plague of an additional 30 million rats and tens of thousands of stoats, which would annihilate populations of endangered birds when the seeds germinate in spring.

In a statement to WKMG-TV , Disney said the victim worked for Harvest Power, a Massachusets-based company that converts food waste and yard waste into biofuel, compost, mulch and fertilizer.

The Dominicans then scored four straight points to go up 11-7 and 16-11 at the second TTO. They went on to seal the set 25-15.

Investigation of the peopling of the Americas has generated decades of scholarly studies, increasingly illuminated by paleoecological and particularly paleogenetic research. There are currently several models of the peopling process differing with respect to timing, routes, and affiliation with modern (and ancient) populations in Asia and the Americas (Fig. 1). One perspective that has become prominent in the last decade is of an early entry (~25,000 to 15,000 years ago) into the Americas via a Pacific coastal migration. This perspective further implies ecological adaptations (for example, the kelp highway hypothesis) and, more recently, typological relationships (stemmed points) (1–5). We believe that this perspective, although commonly disseminated in the popular press (6–8), is a prematurely narrow interpretation of current evidence, which yields far less certainty. Some proponents (1) also assert that there is near-complete agreement among archeologists on these issues, but the most recent relevant survey (9) shows that archeologists remain divided, with substantial numbers thinking migrants used both interior and coastal routes, as well as strong skepticism for several proposed pre-Clovis sites. More nuanced consideration of the proposed alternatives can also be found (10–12). Here, we evaluate the claims made in (1) and elsewhere with respect to the current genetic, archeological, and paleoecological data and identify model constraints. We also suggest avenues of further research to refine models of the peopling of the Americas. Due to multiple dating techniques presented in this paper, we use years ago for calibrated radiocarbon dates, OSL and cosmogenic dates, and genetic age estimates. All of these are roughly comparable.

“Hair is one of the coolest and easiest tools that we have for self-expression,” Williams says on the GDY website. 

Abstract: An apparatus is provided including at least one platform; an intrusion prevention system configured to communicative couple with the at least one platform; a firewall configured to communicative couple with the at least one platform; at least one first data storage configured to communicative couple with the at least one platform; and at least one second data storage configured to communicative couple with the at least one platform. The at least one platform is configured to perform a plurality of operations that collective protect one or more networked devices.

Just as the name of this purple palette suggests, the M.A.C. Eye Shadow X 9: Age Ain’t Nothing pays homage to Aaliyah with nine bold and low-key shadows for recreating the singer’s most iconic looks.