I have long wondered why people put themselves in such travel trauma on holidays, which are, after all, merely dates declared by the authorities. Why do so many people spend half or more of their “holiday weekends’’ traveling on packed roads or in trains, planes and buses that recall Japanese subways at rush hour? And, of course, in more northern climes, the weather from Thanksgiving through New Year’s Day throws more uncertainty and sometimes chaos into the mix.
Samples for SFG experiments were formed on 10-mm CaF2 equilateral prisms coated with a layer of SiO2 (~100 nm) (44). Half of the prism face was also coated with 150-nm Au for use as a reference. To form the bilayers, 25 μl of vesicle solution was added to 1 ml of aqueous 0.1 M PBS solution containing 0.2 M NaCl. A flow cell was formed by the CaF2 prism, Teflon O-ring, and Teflon backplate with Teflon tubes as input and output ports connected to two syringes. The vesicle PBS mixture was added to one syringe and manually passed back and forth between syringes across the CaF2 surface. The solution was then stationary for about 10 min to completely form the bilayer. After, excess PBS solution was used to rinse off any remaining vesicles. The laser system used for the SFG experiments was a Ti-sapphire amplifier (Coherent Legend Elite Duo) that was seeded by a Ti-sapphire oscillator (Coherent Micra-5) and provided 5 mJ, 25-fs duration, and 800-nm pulses at a repetition rate of 1 kHz (45). One portion of the output is spectrally narrowed with a Fabry-Perot etalon (TecOptics Inc.) to form the “visible” upconversion beam, whereas another portion is used to generate tunable broadband infrared pulses in a commercial optical parametric amplifier (Coherent OPerA Solo). The visible beam [10 μJ; 792.8 nm; FWHM (full width at half maximum), 10 cm−1] and infrared beam (18 μJ; center frequencies of 3070, 3230, and 3670 cm−1; FWHM, ~300 cm−1) were focused onto the prism-liquid interface at 60° and 65°, respectively, with respect to the surface normal. The 2550- to 4000-cm−1 frequency range was covered by setting the OPerA at three central positions. The SFG field was generated in reflection, dispersed on a diffraction grating, and imaged onto a liquid nitrogen–cooled charge-coupled device (Princeton Instruments). The polarization of the individual beams was controlled with the combination of a waveplate and polarizer. All data were normalized to the nonresonant Au signal obtained in ppp-polarization combination collected immediately before vertically translating the flow cell to the sample. In addition to the SFG polarization combinations shown in the main text, we also measured the interference polarization combinations (+45)pp, (−45)pp, (+45)sp, and (−45)sp, where the measured SFG polarization was set to +45° or −45°. The interference combinations mix achiral and chiral signals, measuring the norm square of or , respectively, where χ is the second-order nonlinear susceptibility. The difference between the +45° and −45° polarization combinations is thus illustrative of a chiral response. The ±45° polarizations were measured simultaneously, providing a robust chiral detection method immune to laser fluctuations, as described by McDermott et al. (38). The interference method typically has better fidelity in detecting chirality but can be harder to interpret because of the unknown complex phase of the interference. Figure S6 shows the differences in the +45° and −45° polarizations. As expected, the interference chiral response showed clear chiral signals with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the pure chiral measurement. The interference spectra show the same features in both the NH and OH frequency ranges, as the pure achiral and chiral responses, but are more complicated to analyze because of the interference. These data provide further proof that both the channels themselves and the channel water structures are chiral. Figure S7 shows the FTIR attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectrum of dry HC8 powder. A band around 2800 cm−1 due to the imidazole was observed, confirming this assignment in the SFG spectra.
His book "Fall River Dreams" defined him a leading American writer who uniquely captures the intersection of sports and culture.
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Mrs. McClain is survived by her grandchildren, Shannon Cofer, Brandy Durocher, Catrina Crawford, Bo McClain, Bobby McClain, Crystle Wigley, Eric McClain and Bryan Adams; and great-grandchildren, Brayden Durocher, River Durocher, Jonas Wigley, Brooklyn Durocher, Autumn Cofer, Isabeau McClain, Rainey McClain, Bobby McClain, IV, Jon Adams, Bridgett Adams, Emily Adams, Tuesday Adams and Autumn Adams.
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First, because the surface of Fe3O4 NPs was rich in carboxyl, the surface charge of Fe3O4 NPs needed to be changed from negative to positive by PDDA. In a typical synthesis, about 5 mg of the prepared Fe3O4 NPs were dispersed in 15 ml of water and mixed with 5 ml of 1% PDDA solution. Then, the mixture was treated with ultrasonication for 30 min at room temperature. After that, 5 ml of the as-prepared GO was added to the mixture. With another 30 min of ultrasonic treatment, the MG nanocomposites were synthesized with a high yield. Last, the products were washed three times with DI water and ethanol with magnetic separation, respectively. The final precipitate was dispersed in 5 ml of ethanol for further use.
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Inventor(s): Glenn W. Kowald (Carrollton, TX), Hans J. Paller (Double Oak, TX) Assignee(s): Lennox Industries Inc. (Richardson, TX) Law Firm: Hubbard Johnston, PLLC (Local) Application No., Date, Speed: 15599594 on 05/19/2017 (571 days app to issue)
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